Sodium (Na⁺)
Normal 136–145 mEq/LWhy it matters
Water balance and neuro function — where sodium goes, water follows.
LOW — Hyponatremia (< 136)
Causes
Signs
Nursing actions
- Neuro checks — this is a brain problem
- Fluid restriction if dilutional (per orders)
- Correct SLOWLY — rapid correction risks osmotic demyelination
- Seizure precautions < ~120
HIGH — Hypernatremia (> 145)
Causes
Signs
Nursing actions
- Free water per orders (PO or via tube)
- Slow correction again — brain swelling risk on the way down
- I&O, daily weight
- Check the tube-feed water-flush orders
Source: Ignatavicius, Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th ed.Reference only — verify against your facility's policy.
